Sacred Facts · At a Glance
Mantra
Om Bṛm Bṛhaspataye Namaḥ
- Vahana
- chariot (aṣṭa-aśva rathā — eight horses) / elephant
📷 E. A. Rodrigues · Public domain · source
Deities
Brihaspati
Guru of Gods — Planet Jupiter
Guru of Gods — Planet Jupiter
[BEGINNER]
Brihaspati is the planet Jupiter personified as a deity, known as the guru (teacher) of the gods and the priest of the celestial court. He is invoked in the Rig Veda as the embodiment of spiritual wisdom, eloquence, and the power of the sacred word. His name means "Lord of Prayer" or "Lord of Mantra," emphasizing his role as the divine guru who guides the gods in matters of ritual, morality, and cosmic governance. In Hindu astrology (Jyotish), Brihaspati (Jupiter) is considered the most beneficial planet, representing wisdom, spirituality, wealth, and progeny. He is depicted wearing yellow robes, holding a staff (danda), a book (pustaka), and a rosary (mala). Brihaspati is associated with the east direction and is worshipped especially on Thursdays. His wife is Tara, and his famous son is Kacha, the guru of the demons.
[INTERMEDIATE]
The Rig Veda contains several hymns dedicated to Brihaspati, describing him as the supreme priest who performs the cosmic rituals and guides the devas in their spiritual duties. In the Mahabharata, Brihaspati appears as the guru of Indra and the celestial court, advising the gods on matters of dharma and strategy. The conflict between Brihaspati's son Kacha and the demons, culminating in Kacha's death and resurrection through Brihaspati's interventions, represents the eternal struggle between wisdom (gyaan) and material power (shakti) in the Tantric traditions. In Vedic astrology, Brihaspati's transit (Brihaspati char) through the twelve rashis (signs) determines periods of spiritual growth, prosperity, or challenge depending on the house he occupies in a birth chart. The annual Brihaspati Jayanti is observed by Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists as a day of spiritual learning and teacher worship.
[SCHOLAR]
The academic study of Brihaspati reveals a complex evolution from Vedic deity to astrological planet with multiple mythological layers. The Rig Veda (1.190-195) presents Brihaspati as the divine priest who "killed the five tribes of Dasa" through the power of sacred speech, demonstrating the Vedic understanding of mantra as a spiritual weapon. The Puranic addition of Tara (his wife, abducted by the moon god Chandra) represents a later mythological expansion explaining the origin of the demon teacher Sukracharya. The transition from Brihaspati as deity to Brihaspati as planet Jupiter in the Jyotish system demonstrates how Hindu astronomy incorporated deity concepts into astronomical understanding. The Brihaspati Sutra (a lost text referenced in the Vedas) represents the philosophical teachings attributed to this deity in the ancient tradition. Comparative religious studies note the parallel between Brihaspati as celestial guru and similar figures in Greco-Roman (Zeus/Jupiter's counselors) and ancient Near Eastern traditions, suggesting a common Indo-European concept of celestial wisdom-bringers.
[/SCHOLAR]
1. Sacred Speech as Divine Power — Brihaspati's role as the embodiment of correct speech (vagishtha) establishes the teaching that language used with spiritual intention carries divine power, underlying all mantra practice.
2. Guru Principle — As the divine guru of the gods, Brihaspati teaches that spiritual teacher-disciple relationships are not human inventions but reflections of cosmic order, the divine teacher always present wherever souls are ready to learn.
3. Wisdom Over Power — The mythological narrative of Kacha versus the demons teaches that spiritual wisdom ultimately prevails over mere material power, that those who serve dharma (cosmic order) will succeed in the end.
[BEGINNER]
[INTERMEDIATE]
[SCHOLAR]
[/SCHOLAR]
| Text | Description | Key References |
|---|---|---|
| Rig Veda 1.190-195 | Hymns to Brihaspati | Mandala 1, Suktas 190-195 |
| Mahabharata | Brihaspati as Indra's guru | Adi Parva, Vana Parva |
| Brihaspati Sutra | Philosophical teachings | Ancient text (partially lost) |
| Vishnu Purana | Brihaspati's mythology | Book 1, Section 3 |
Brihaspati worship continues primarily through Jyotish (astrology) consultations and Thursday observances across India. The Brihaspati Gayatri Mantra is chanted by students, scholars, and those seeking wisdom. In South India, the planet Jupiter is worshipped at temples through the Navagraha (nine planets) ritual. Jains observe Brihaspati Jayanti as a day of spiritual significance. The Vedic ritual tradition still invokes Brihaspati in major ceremonies as part of the nine-planet worship. The astrological calendar's importance in Hindu life ensures Brihaspati's continued relevance. In Tibetan Buddhism, Jupiter (Rtag-tu) maintains a similar auspicious status as a planet associated with prosperity and wisdom.
This profile focuses on Hindu Brihaspati traditions. The Buddhist and Jain planetary worship traditions represent related but distinct practices requiring separate study. The astrological interpretation of Brihaspati varies significantly between different Jyotish schools (South Indian vs. North Indian chart systems). The scholarly study of Brihaspati requires understanding both the Vedic deity tradition and the Sanskrit astronomical/astrological tradition (Jyotish Shastra), which have different primary sources. The relationship between actual Jupiter and Brihaspati as deity represents the personification of astronomical understanding that characterizes much of Hindu cosmology.
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