Maitreya (Byams-pa) — the future buddha, in the Maitreya temple of Thikse Monastery, Gelug Ladakh
No primary scriptures are catalogued for this entry yet. If you know of scriptural references we have missed, please contribute them.
Maitreya — Byams-pa in Tibetan — is the buddha of the future, and the entry concerns a specific image of him: the 15 m statue in the Maitreya temple of Thikse Monastery, a hill complex above the Indus valley in Ladakh at about 3,600 m [S4]. The statue covers two storeys of its building and is described by the sources as the largest such statue in Ladakh and the largest buddha image in the monastery [S4][S2]. The complex is Gelug, built as a fort monastery in the Central Tibetan pattern and twelve storeys high, and its architecture is described as strongly resembling the Potala Palace at Lhasa, which is why it is also called the "Mini Potala" [S6].
The single most important fact about this image is its date: it is a twentieth-century work inside a fifteenth-century monastery. The temple was erected to commemorate the 14th Dalai Lama's visit in 1970, and the image took a further four years to build [S4][S2]. An earlier version of this entry filed the statue as fifteenth-century. That was wrong.
The image is 15 m high and occupies two storeys [S4]. What distinguishes it iconographically is the pose: Maitreya is portrayed seated in the lotus position, which the sources note is unusual, since he is usually represented standing or seated on a high throne [S4]. No mudra is named in any source I found, and an earlier claim that he sits in the dharmacakra mudrā has been removed as unsourced — see pending_facts:.
Maitreya is a distinct figure from the other buddhas and bodhisattvas in this corpus and is not merged with any of them. The Tsongkhapa episode in this monastery's foundation story shows how careful that distinction has to be: the small image Tsongkhapa gave to Sherap Zangpo was an Amitayus — the saṃbhogakāya form of Amitābha — containing bone powder and a drop of Tsongkhapa's own blood, not a Maitreya at all [S1]. The Maitreya temple came five centuries later.
The monastery holds other Buddhist art besides: stupas, statues, thangkas, wall paintings and swords, and a wall at the entrance to the assembly hall carries murals of the Tibetan calendar together with the Bhavacakra, the Wheel of Life, its panels carrying insignia images including a snake and a bird [S6].
The monastery has a two-stage foundation, and both stages are fifteenth century. In the early 15th century Je Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelug school, sent six of his disciples to remote regions to spread the new teachings. He gave one of them, Sherap Zangpo, the Amitayus image described above, and directed him to seek the help of the King of Ladakh in propagating the teachings [S1]. The King, then staying in the Nubra valley near Shey, valued the gift, and after the meeting directed his minister to help Sherap Zangpo establish a monastery of the Gelug order in Ladakh. In 1433 Sherap Zangpo founded a small village monastery called Lhakhang Serpo, "Yellow Temple", in Stagmo, north of the Indus; the lamas who first embraced the Gelug order were few, although some of his disciples became eminent figures over the years [S1][S2].
In the mid-15th century Sherap Zangpo's teacher Palden Zangpo built the larger monastery at Thiksey — a few kilometres from Stagmo, on a sacred hill above a village of the same name, built on the site of an earlier Kadam establishment or as a daughter house of the small chapel of Stakmo about 7 km to the north [S1][S3]. This is the complex that houses the Maitreya image.
From the eighteenth century the monastery's connection to the Ladakhi royal house is documented. Around 1770, the lama of Hanle Monastery dictated that the Ladakhi king's elder son should inherit the throne while other princes should become lamas at Thikse and Spituk; princes such as Jigsmet Namgyal served as lamas at Thikse [S6]. Thiksey grew in prominence in Ladakh, second only to Hemis Monastery, and came to administer ten other monasteries in the region, including Diskit, Spituk, Likir and Stok [S6].
The founding is accompanied, in the sources, by a story about how the site was chosen. Legends narrate that Tsongkhapa had predicted that his doctrine would prosper on the right bank of the Indus River, and that this proved true when Thiksey was established, followed by Spituk and Likir, all on the right bank [S6].
A second tradition concerns a torma offering. Sherap Zangpo and Palden Zangpo were performing sacred rituals near the Yellow Temple, and the offerings were taken to a rock outcrop to be thrown down into the valley. As they were about to throw the torma, two crows appeared and carried away the plate carrying it, then placed the offering on a stone on the other side of the hill. Palden Zangpo and his disciples found the torma at Thiksey, set down on the stone in perfect order and undisturbed, and Palden took this as a divine directive to build the monastery there [S6][S2]. This account rests on a source I could not open and on a website that is now dead, so it is reported as a tradition awaiting verification rather than as a settled narrative — see pending_facts:.
What the sources give for Maitreya here is not a birth story but a commission: a visit by the 14th Dalai Lama in 1970, a temple built to mark it, and an image made over four years by named local artists under a named master [S4][S2]. Maitreya's own standing in the tradition — the future buddha who will teach again when the present teachings have faded — is not narrated in these sources, and I have not invented one.
primary_scriptures: is empty, deliberately. The Maitreya temple at Thiksey is not tied by any source I found to a specific text, and the three entries that formerly sat in this field were either real but unrelated texts or, in the case of "Ganden Phodrang", a conflation of Ganden Phodrang — the seat of the Dalai Lamas — with an invented title. The Tsongkhapa episode belongs to the monastery's Gelug foundation, not to the Maitreya image, and concerns Amitayus.
Here I have to be straightforward about a limit. The morning prayer at Thiksey is widely known and widely visited, and an earlier version of this entry described it in detail: a 6 a.m. puja with conches and cymbals, open to visitors. I deleted that sentence rather than re-dated it. Its only source was the unverifiable "F. W. Hasrat, Diary of a Travel in Ladakh" (1870), which this corpus retracted on 2026-09-28 as a fabrication, and I have read no source that specifies the hour, names the instruments, or states that visitors are admitted to the ritual. See pending_facts:.
What I can source about the building is architectural and administrative rather than ritual. The complex is described as painted in red, ochre and white, with a yellow building for the assembly hall and a red building for the guardian deity shrine, a separate nunnery, and a courtyard at the foot of the hill from which a flight of steps leads up to the main monastery, one of ten temples, twelve storeys high [S6].
This is the part of the entry I would most want a monk to correct, because I am an outsider writing about a living Gelug institution and not an authority on its practice. The one substantive present-tense fact I can source concerns conservation rather than worship: restoration of the old monasteries in Ladakh, including Thiksey, is being carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India at the request of the monastery administration, and this has not been without its controversy. Traditional mud-and-stone courtyards were changed to granite, which has been said to mar the brightness of the place; and restoration of the right wing, involving a new kitchen and dining hall for the monks in place of the old traditional central courtyard, has caused dissonance to the old edifice. A balance between restoration and renovation has been sought, to retain the old order in consonance with the new works [S5]. That dispute is recorded because the monastery's own interest in it is part of its living history, not because it is a picturesque detail.
The three temples recorded for the complex are the monastery itself, the Maitreya temple, and the assembly hall with its guardian deity shrine. The Maitreya image at Thiksey is one image in one temple; the Maitreya at Alchi and any other Ladakhi Maitreya are separate objects in separate monasteries, and none of them is merged into this entry.
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pending_facts:. If the monastery does hold a visitor-accessible dawn prayer — as I believe it does — that needs the monastery's own notice as its citation.