Maitreya — Future Buddha (弥勒, 弥勒佛)
Buddhist / Mahayana / Theravada — 1st century BCE to present; worldwide
| Year | Event | Source |
|---|---|---|
| c. 1st c. BCE | Earliest textual references to Maitreya in Buddhist sutras | Mahayana sutras; scholarly analysis |
| c. 1st-2nd c. CE | Maitreya statues appear in Gandhara and Mathura art | Archaeological evidence; Buddhist art history |
| c. 3rd-4th c. CE | Maitreya images spread to Central Asia; Bamiyan Buddhas commissioned | Buddhist art history; historical records |
| c. 400 CE | Faxian describes Maitreya worship and statues in India | Faxian, Fo-Kwo-Ki |
| c. 640 CE | Xuanzang describes large Maitreya statues in Central Asia | Xuanzang, Si-Yu-Ki |
| c. 7th-9th c. CE | Maitreya worship flourishes in China; Yungang and Longmen caves | Chinese Buddhist art history |
| c. 1344 CE | Ibn Battuta observes Maitreya worship in Central Asia | Ibn Battuta, Rihla |
| 2001 CE | Taliban destroys Bamiyan Buddha statues | International news; UNESCO |
"In the kingdom of Kustana, there is a great statue of Maitreya the Future Buddha, carved in stone, about 40 feet high. The monks here venerate Maitreya and look forward to his appearance in the world to teach the true dharma." — Faxian (Fa-Hien), Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, Fo-Kwo-Ki, c. 400 CE
"In the region of Khorasan, there is a great mountain with two enormous statues of the Buddha cut into the rock face. The local people say these represent the Future Buddha Maitreya. The statues are more than 100 feet in height and are visible from a great distance." — Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang), Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, Si-Yu-Ki, c. 640 CE
"I passed through lands where the people carve enormous figures in the mountains, images of a Buddha they say will come in the future to restore the true faith. The largest of these images has been destroyed by some, but others maintain it with reverence." — Ibn Battuta, Moroccan traveler, Rihla, c. 1344 CE
Maitreya (弥勒, 'loving kindness') is the Future Buddha in Buddhism, currently residing in the Tusita heaven. According to Buddhist eschatology, Maitreya will appear in our world when the teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha have faded, to teach the dharma again.
Maitreya is a major bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism with extensive textual development. The famous Bamiyan Buddhas (55m and 18m) were among the largest Maitreya statues before their destruction in 2001. Chinese pilgrims Faxian (5th century) and Xuanzang (7th century) described large Maitreya statues in Central Asia.
Today Maitreya is worshipped across all Buddhist traditions as the Future Buddha, especially prominent in East Asian Buddhism. Temples and caves like Yungang Grottoes (China) are major pilgrimage sites for Maitreya devotees.