Historical Period10c CE
8th–10th c. CE (Pāṇḍya); gopuram Nāyak-era
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Deities
Vaikuntha-nātha of Śrī Vaikuṇṭham
Śrī Vaikuṇṭham (first of Nava Tirupati)
Śrī Vaikuṇṭham (first of Nava Tirupati)
The 108 Divya Desams are the 108 sacred abodes of Vishnu sung in the Tamil hymns of the 12 Āḻvārs. Compiled by Nāthamuni in the 9th c. CE as the Nālāyira Divya Prabandham (4,000 verses), these temples constitute the sacred geography of Tamil Vaishnavism and are the foundational map for the Śrīvaiṣṇava sampradāya (Rāmānuja, 11th c.).
108 is the canonical count — 106 on earth, plus Tirupparkadal (the milk-ocean, Vishnu's cosmic abode) and Paramapadam (Vaikuṇṭha, the eternal realm) — making 108 complete.
Sage Bhṛgu performed penance on the banks of the Tāmraparṇī river, asking that Vishnu reside here as Vaikuṇṭha-nātha himself. The Nava Tirupati cluster — nine Vishnu temples along the Tāmraparṇī — is considered equivalent in darśana to Tirumala itself.
Daily: viśvarūpa-darśana (pre-dawn), kāla-śānti, uccikāla pūjā, sāyaraṣcha (evening), ardha-jāma (night closure). Principal offerings: tulasī garland (never fresh flowers for the central deity, only tulasī), puliyodara (tamarind rice), sakkarai pongal (jaggery rice), milk abhiṣeka. Pilgrims receive tīrtham (holy water) and the śaṭhāri — Nammāḻvār's crown placed briefly on the head, signifying servitude to the Lord.
This temple is hallowed because Āḻvār saint-poets sang of it in their Divya Prabandham pasurams. The Āḻvārs were 12 Tamil Vaishnava saint-poets (7th–9th c. CE) whose corpus of 4,000 verses is considered by Śrīvaiṣṇavas to be equivalent to the Vedas in Tamil (Drāviḍa Veda). Each temple's sanctity rests on how many Āḻvārs sang of it and how many pasurams — this is the mangalāśāsanam.
The vimāna (sanctum tower) over the mūlasthāna is the temple's signature: Sri-kāra-vimāna. Each Divya Desam's vimāna has a unique name and symbolism — the celestial archetype of Vishnu's abode manifesting on earth.
