Historical Period17c CE
Chola-Pandya-Vijayanagara-Nayak layers, 9th–17th c.
Śrīraṅgam Raṅganātha — first and foremost of 108 Divya Desams
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The world's largest functioning Hindu temple (631,000 m²). The first of 108 Divya Desams. Vishnu as Raṅganātha reclining on Ādiśeṣa.
One of the 108 Divya Desams — temples sung in the Nālāyira Divya Prabandham (the "Four-Thousand Divine Hymns") by the 12 Alvars (6th–9th c. CE). The 108 Divya Desams include 106 earthly sites, plus 2 extra-cosmic realms (Paramapadam = Vaikuntha, and Tirupparkadal = the Milk-Ocean). Each Divya Desam has a Moolavar (sanctum deity), Utsavar (processional image), and a specific Alvar-mangalāśāsana dedication.