Festival of the Spiritual Teacher

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Guru Purnima (गुरु पूर्णिमा — Full Moon of the Guru)

Overview

Guru Purnima is a festival dedicated to spiritual and academic teachers, celebrated on the full moon day (Purnima) in the Hindu month of Ashadha (June–July). It is believed to be the day when Veda Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas and author of the Mahabharata, was born.

Significance

The guru-shishya (teacher-disciple) tradition is central to Indian spirituality. Guru Purnima is the day when disciples express gratitude to their gurus and receive blessings. It is also significant in Buddhism as the day when Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath after attaining enlightenment.

Rituals

• Guru puja: Worship of the teacher's feet (paduka), offering flowers and sweets
• Satsang: Gathering for spiritual discourse and chanting
• Fasting: Many devotees fast and spend the day in meditation
• Scripture study: Reading sacred texts, especially the Guru Gita

In Buddhism and Jainism

• Buddhism: Commemorates Buddha's first sermon at Sarnath (Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta)
• Jainism: Honors Mahavira's attainment of kevala jnana (omniscience)

Modern Observance

Beyond religious gurus, Guru Purnima has expanded to include academic teachers, mentors, and guides. Schools and universities in India often hold special ceremonies honoring educators.